Latin and Geek influence
Growth and structure of English language.
Introduction...
=> Latin and Greek have influenced on English language in many ways, including the vocabulary, grammar and scientific and technical terms. The influence of the Latin in the English language certainly the most important phase in the linguistic history of Einglish. This is the earliest and perhaps most potential linguistic force to contribute to the growth of the English language.
Latin influence
A significant part of the English vocabulary adopts from Latin. In this connection, that the words are adopted in Einglish, not all exactly of the Latin origin, some of them ane Greek words also. But those Greek words entered mainly through Latin.
The Influence of Latin The influence of Latin on English is seen through England's contact with Latin civilization. In Old English, we find many Latin words related to agriculture and warfare. Words like camp (battle), segn (banner), pil (pointed stick), mil (thousand) etc. are old borrowings. Also, words related to trade, especially wine trade, fall into this category. We find words like win (wine), flase (bottle), must (new vine), etc. In the domestic sphere we find cycene (cook), disc (dish), cuppe (cup) or .
What are 10 words borrowed from Latin to English?
With the Christianization of England in 597 AD, another period of borrowing from Latin began both academic and popular – to define new concepts, new religions, new ideas and new beliefs. We have “church”, “bishop”, “alms”, “altar”, “angel”, “hymn”, “pope”, “psalm”, relic, etc. during this time. In domestic life we find the Latin words “silk”, “turnip”, “pine”, “crop”, “school”, “master”. Latin gradually extended into the fields of literature, medicine, botany and wisdom. We find “history”, “cancer”, “paralysis”, “fox”, “tiger”, “camel”.
The Vulgate translation of the Bible gives English words such as “generation”, “persecution” and “transmigration”. Other words borrowed at this time were those from law, medicine, allegory, theology, science, literature, etc., such as “conspiracy”, “guardianship”, “frustration”, “genius”, “infinite”, “wisdom”, “limbo”, “pulpit”, “secular”, “biblical”, “testimony” and many others. In addition to vocabulary, Latin prefixes (dis-, re-, sub-, pre-…) and suffixes (-able, -ible, -ent, -al…) were widely used in Latin.
Another characteristic of this period is the existence of three levels of synonymy: “rise-mount-ascent”, “ask-questioninterrogate”, the English word being the most common, the French word being the most literary, and the Latin word being the more erudite. . During the Renaissance, Latin words flowed into English writing in overwhelming proportions. Along with new additions, native and French words are being reshaped to more closely resemble their Latin origins. The Old English word “describe” was transformed into the new form “describe” due to Latin influence. However, most of the loanwords in Early Modern English are derived directly from Latin. There are many examples: “oath”, “agenda”, “alibi”, “animal”, “bounty”, “deficit”, “escape”, “more”, “truth”. “Maximum”, “memorandum”, “comprehensive”, “propaganda”, “veto”, etc.
GREEK INFLUENCE
Greek word-formation patterns, words and word components were adopted and adapted into Latin and passed through Latin into English and many other European and other languages, mainly for scientific and technical purposes. The influx into English was initially very limited and mainly religious, such as the Old English Church and its descendants. Significant introductions occurred in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, as in the case of catalogues, rhetoric, stratagems, hymns, analysis. Words beginning with "ph-" are often of Greek origin, for example: philosophy, physics, photo, phrase, philanthropy.
Many English words are formed from word parts (morphemes) of Greek origin, including phobia, micro, demos, etc. Greek mythology has had a huge influence on Western culture, especially art and literature. It is no surprise that some of the most popular expressions in English have their roots in these ancient myths and beliefs. Having an “Achilles heel” means having a weak or vulnerable point, while having a “Midas touch” describes an almost magical ability to succeed in everything you do. An idiom that originated in ancient Greece is “crocodile tears”.
What are 5 English words borrowed from Greek?
Words beginning with "ph-" are often of Greek origin, for example: philosophy, physics, photo, phrase, philanthropy, etc. you can get more words below.
Examples of the influence of Greek art and culture abound in the English language. In the context of today's scientific and technical English, Latin, along with Greek, has the honor of being the source of countless newly invented words. Words such as "coaxial", "fission", "interstellar", "neutron", "mutation", "penicillin", "radium", "spectrum", "sulfa", etc. are now an indispensable part of the English technical vocabulary. Hybrid forms, that is, part Latin and part Greek, such as "egomaniac", "speleologist", "terramycine", etc., have also entered the English lexicon to a significant extent. Words borrowed from Latin and Greek contribute significantly to the English vocabulary. It filled in gaps in the native vocabulary. Latin synonyms and adjectives gave masculinity to English. Latin and Greek glorified and intellectualized English.
How have ancient Greek and Latin influenced the English language?
Ancient Greek and Latin have enriched English with thousands of words, particularly in fields like science, medicine, law, and philosophy. Latin influenced English through Roman rule, Christianity, and scholarly traditions, while Greek contributed directly and via Latin, especially in technical and academic terms. Together, they shaped English's vocabulary, structure, and intellectual depth.
